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如何写好英语作文

时间:2017-06-21 09:29:08 | 编辑:王晓坤

一、 "There be"结构

考生病句:

1. There are many people like to go to the movie.

2. There are different kind of vegetable can be bought on the market by people.

正确表达:

1. There are many people who like to go to the movie.

2. There are different kind of vegetable that people can buy on the market.

这两个例句的错误比较有普遍性,因为在历次考试中有不少考生不能正确运用there be这一最常用的句式。在这种结构中,there是引导词,没有实际意义。be在句中作谓语,有时态和数的变化。

例如:

1. There wa no chool in the village at that time. (=there wa not a chool...)注意:在否定句中,否定词用no,也可用not a或not any。not a后接单数名词,not any 后接复数名词,no后面的名词单复数都可以。

2. There i not a moment to be lot.

3. There are many people ruhing into the citie every year.

4. There are many thing we can do to prevent traffic accident.

5. There i no ue holding back the wheel of hitory.

从以上例句还可看出,句中的主语后面可接多种修饰语,如介词短语、不定式短语、定语从句、分词短语等等。这无疑使该结构增加了表现力,使句子表达内容更加丰富。 在运用这一结构时,考生最容易犯的错误是在there be之后又用了一个动词作谓语,使句子结构出现严重错误。这里列举的考生的典型错误均属这种情况,对此我们在写作中要格外注意。[由好作文www.hAOzuowEn.com整理]

二、 比较结构

考生病句:

1. Comparing with the bike, the car run much fater.

2. The climate in Walton i colder than other citie.

正确表达:

1. Compared with the bike, the car run much fater.

2. The climate in Walton i colder than that of other citie.

评议与分析:许多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比较,但相当多的表达有误。

在例1中,对两个事物进行比较的句式为Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的过去分词,不能用现在分词,因为B是分词的逻辑主语,只能被比较。在例2中,考生误将"天气"与"城市"进行比较,而二者没有可比性,只有将后者改为"其他城市的天气"才符合逻辑,很显然,考生的错误是受了汉语表达习惯的影响。

比较结构是常用结构,正确地使用这一结构可以使文章的句式增加变化,有利于提高写作成绩。一般说来,考生若能恰当、正确地运用这一结构,其写作成绩应在5分以上。

下面是比较结构的一些常用的表达方法。

1. 同级比较

1) In 1998 we produced a many car a we did in the previou five year.

2) We have accomplihed a much in the pat three year a would have taken ten yearin the pat.

2. 比较级

1) Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.

2) We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water.

3. 最高级

1) Thi i the mot intereting book I've ever read.

2) Of all hi novel I like thi one bet.

4. the more…the more…结构

1) The harder you work, the greater progre you will make.

2) The more a man know, the more he dicover hi ignorance.

5. 选择比较

1) I prefer taying at home to going out.

2) They prefer to work rather than (to) it idly.

3) He prefer to work alone.

注意:这里的1)句用的是Prefer A to B结构,to为介词,后接名词或动名词;2)句是以不定式作 prefer的宾语;3)句用法同2),只是不把rather than部分表达出来。

6. 对比

1) Motion i abolute while tagnation i relative.

2) He i tired out, wherea he i full of vigour.

注意:while 和wherea均可用于连接两个意义对立的分句,相当于汉语的"而"字。许多考生能较好地运用这一句式,尤其在图表作文中。

三、 表达原因的结构

考生病句:

1. The real reaon to our failure i not far to eek.

2. The reaon for thi i becaue ome people want to earn plenty of money withoutworking hard.

正确表达:

1. The real reaon for our failure i not far to eek.

2. The reaon for thi i that ome people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

评议与分析:

以上两个病句分别引自92年1月和97年12月四级考试的考生作文。从遣词造句上看,这两位考生具有一定的写作能力,not far to eek, plenty of money以及without working hard等均运用正确、恰当。但令人遗憾的是,第一位考生不知道reaon不与to搭配而应接介词for,第二位考生犯了一个中国学生常犯的错误,就是用becaue引起表语从句,becaue这个词不能引起表语从句,在本句中只能改用that才正确。

掌握好表达原因的结构是十分重要的,几乎所有的写作试题都要求写原因或可以写原因。在大学英语四、六级考试、研究生入学英语考试以及TOEFL考试中,写作的文体基本上是议论文,而议论文的基本模式是摆事实、讲道理,讲道理就是说明原因。写作测试的文体决定了表达原因结构的重要性。

英语中用来表达原因这一概念的结构有多种。我们可用a , becaue, ince, eeing that, conidering that, now that, not that...等词组引出表示原因的从句。例如:

1. Now that we have een thee great achievement with our own eye, we feel moreproud than ever of our country.

2. Profeor Liu i trict with u becaue he want u to make rapid progre.

3. Since we live near the ea, we enjoy a healthy climate.

4. Pollution i till a eriou problem, not that we don't have the ability to olve it, but thatome people have not realized the conequence of the problem.

我们还可以借助某些词语用简单句表达原因结构。例如:

1. The reaon for thi change i quite obviou.

2. Diligence i the key factor of ucce.

3. Idlene i the root of all evil.

4. He wa ahamed to have made the mitake.(=He wa ahamed that he had made themitake. =He wa ahamed becaue he had made the mitake.)

除了上述的例句外,英语中还有很多或易或难的表达原因的结构。我们在进行写作训练的时候,不能满足于一知半解,要讲究书面语言的正确性和准确性。比如,becaue是最常用的引导原因从句的连词,语气最强,表示直接的原因,若becaue置于句首,后面的主句不能再用o。用a引导的原因从句语气较弱,所说明的原因是附带的,而ince表示的原因暗示着是稍加分析之后才能推断出来的原因。

四、 否定结构

考生病句

1. Some people think we needn't to worry about freh water.

2. Nowaday many people don't like to go to the movie, too.

正确表达:

1. Some people think we needn't worry (或don't need to worry) about freh water.

2. Nowaday many people don't like to go to the movie, either.

评议与分析:

例句1选自96年1月四级考生作文,例句2选自92年1月六级考生作文。例句1 的错误在于该考生混淆了need作为情态动词和作为普通动词的用法。need作为情态动词时,主要用于否定句,后面的动词不带to, needn't worry,作we的谓语。need作为实意动词时,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句,don't need to worry 中的to worry作don't need的宾语。例句2的错误在于该考生混淆了too和either的区别,这两个词都表示"也"的意思,但是在英语中too, alo只能用于肯定句,而either只能用于否定句。