第1篇:英语写作文章体裁介绍
英语写作文章体裁介绍
一. 书信
英文信通常包括以下5个部分:信头,称呼,正文,结束语和谦称,签名。
1. 写信人的地址和日期,通常放在信笺的右上角。顺序是先写地址,后写日期,地址和日期的写法要符合英语习惯。
写地址应由小到大:门牌号码、街名、城(县)名、省名、国名。同汉语的习惯完全相反。 日期常见的写法有两种:
(1)月、日、年 (如:October 8, 2010)
(2)日、月、年 (如:8th October,2010)
2. 称呼
英文信里的称呼一般以Dear…开头。给亲属写信是在Dear的后面加上表明亲属关系的词即可,例如:Dear Dad, Dear Uncle等;写给小辈或平辈可直呼其名,例如:Dear Xiao Jun, Dear Charlie等;写给不太熟悉的人常在Dear后加上“某先生”或“某女士”等,例如:Dear Mr. (姓)/ Dear Mr. (丈夫的姓)
3. 正文
正文要求简明达意,层次分明。
(1)正文开头的套语:
a. Thank you for your letter on 18 May.
b. I wa pleaed to hear from you yeterday.
c. I’m writing to ak if you can do me a favor.
d. I’m glad /orry to tell you that…[由好作文www.hAOzuowEn.com整理]
(2)开头以后要回答对方的问题,或陈述自己的意见。写信和写文章一样,要分段写,每段要有一个中心思想。
4. 结束语和谦称
结束语通常写在正文最后一行的下边。常用的结束语有:
a. Pleae give my kind regard to your family.
b. Bet wihe.
c. Thank you again for your kind letter.
d. Looking forward to your letter.
e. Expecting to hear from you a oon a poible
谦称有尊卑亲疏之分, 要与收信人的称谓相符合,例如:
在熟悉的人之间常用 Sincerely your / Your incerely, 等
在不太熟悉而应该客气的人之间常用 Truly your / Your truly, 等
在亲密的亲友之间常用 Your affectionately / Affectionately your /Your, 等
5. 签名
签名的位置是在谦称语下面一行至二行。除了对熟悉或亲密的人以外,签名必须写全姓名。
二. 通知
1. 通知一般包括标题、正文、日期和通知发布单位。正文上方正中间写标题Notice;日期一般写在左下方(落款之下),通知发布单位一般写在正文的右下角。通知通常无称呼语和结束语。典型格式如下:
Notice
The Student’ UnionFebruary 8, 2010
2. 常用客套语,句型:
a. In order to …, …. meeting/… party i going to be held in …
b. It will tart at … and end at…
c. You will enjoy… What’ more…
d. …will be invited…
e. They will give u….
f. … i welcome to … We hope…
3. 口头通知要有呼语,呼语要左起顶格,常以Ladie and gentlemen / Dear friend / Boy and Girl等开头。正文开始时,为引起对方注意,常用:May I have your attention, pleae或Attention, pleae! 口头通知结束时要有结束语。另起一段,一般为:That’ all. Thank you.
三. 演讲稿
演讲稿一般由称呼和开头语、正文和结束语三部分组成。
1. 常见的称呼有:Ladie and gentlemen,Boy and Girl,Comrade, Friend 等。
2. 正文应开门见山,点出发言的主题。灵活充分地利用提示要点,注意发言稿的选词造句以及行文的连贯。
3. 结尾可用简短有力的句子再次强调自己的观点。
常用句式:
a. Ladie and gentlemen / Boy and Girl / Comrade / Friend /Dear fellow tudent / Good morning / afternoon everyone…
b. It’ nice to peak about … / The topic of my peech today i …
c. The firt thing we can do i… / The econd…
d. Peronally, I think it i a good idea for … to … / If everyone doe one thing for …, I believe we will … / Therefore, we can…
e. What I want to tre i that …. / In a word, … can …
f. Thank you! / Thank you for litening!
四. 记叙文
记叙文是对某一事件或一系列事件的发生、发展、结束以及某一人物的变化所做的文字表述。它通常包括写人、写景、写事。 这类题材的试题在试卷中多以看图作文、材料作文,以及材料缩写等不同形式出现。
写好记叙文要注意一下几个方面:
1. 以写人为主的记叙文,在写作时应该注意肖像描写、行动描写、心理描写以及对细节的描写,考生应该根据写作的要求,灵活掌握,突出重点。
2. 以写事为主的记叙文,在写作时应该注意记叙七要素(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、经过、结果),注意描写的先后顺序以及记事顺序、记事的相对完整性,注意把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结果。
3. 以写景为主的记叙文,应注意景物的主要特征,景物描写的层次,以及人与景的情景交融。
4. 以写物为主的记叙文,通常是借物喻人,通过写物来表达作者的感受。在写作过程中,对主题要审准、审清,经过细致观察后按一定顺序和层次进行切题叙述。
5. 记叙文所记叙的一般是过去发生的事,所以动词时态以过去时态为主。
常用关联词:
the other day / everal day ago / at that moment / at that time / immediately / when /uddenly /a oon a / finally / two hour later / to one’ urprie / unfortunately / luckily /a a reult /o / therefore
常用句式:
It wa… (weather) / While b. wa doing / b. wa about to do … when…. / b. did …and … / ee/hear b. doing / with the help of b. / what wa wore … / … becaue …/ … but … /… though… / … while …/ o (uch) … that …
五. 议论文
1. 写议论文要考虑用什么论据来证明论点,怎样论证,然后得出结论。论点要明确,论据要充分,论证要严密。
2. 写作方法大体有三种:① 总分式,② 答疑式,③ 对比式。尽管有多种写法,但目前各类考试大多有提示,即论点,论据一般是确定的。所以我们应先找到论点、论据,再考虑如何组织材料,即论证的方式
3. 常用的论证方法有:归纳法(从分析典型即分析个别事情入手,找出事物的共同特点,然后得出结论);推理法(从一般原理出发,对个别事物进行说明分析,然后得出结论);对照法(把正反两方面进行对照,然后加以分析,得出结论);驳论发(先列出错误的观点,然后逐条加以批驳,最后阐述自己的观点)等。
4. 常用的连接词和套语:
on the contrary, all in all, in hort, generally, in concluion, peronally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, beide, in my opinion, for the ake of, I agree to / am in favor of / am againt…, To begin with… Secondly… Latly, lat but not leat, On the one hand… On the other hand…, A we all know, The main reaon i that …, Another thing we can’t forget i that…
六. 提纲类作文
提纲类书面表达是把材料分割成信息块,列成独立的文字信息。此类文章要求考生们灵活运用知识,采用不同的表达方式将试题中的要点完整地表达出来,力求准确、简洁、规范。做此类试题,可以分三步进行:
(1)用英语译出要点
(2)组词成句
同时注意以下几点:
① 词语搭配、习惯用法要准确,使用最熟悉、最有把握的词组和短语。
② 语法结构要正确。
③ 灵活使用“五种基本句型”,表达要符合英语习惯,切忌汉语式英语。
④ 注意“一意多译”,避免在一篇文章中重复使用同一短语,可采用其同义词或近义词。
(3)连句成篇
同时注意一下几点:
① 运用过渡词,以确保文章结构严谨,行文流畅。
② 变换句型结构,正确使用复合句及一些特殊结构,以增加文章亮点。
③ 根据材料的特点,适当增加合理想象,以求短文自然、完整。
④ 文章及各段落中要有总结性的主题句。
第2篇:高考英语各种题材体裁作文格式与范例
英语各种题材体裁作文格式与范例
高考英语书面表达练习——图表作文(格式与范例)
高考看图作文的体裁:
记叙文:要抓住记叙文的六要素:when, where, who, what, why, how. 即五个“W”和一个“H”。要注意人物与空间的关系,画面与画面的关系,要点与发挥的关系。
议论文:(见漫画作文)
说明文:(另见图表式作文)
常用句型:
1. One day / the other day / a couple of day ago / while he wa…,he..
2. It wa nowing /raining heavily on Monday /Sunday morning …when …
3. The picture et me thinking deeply…
4. From the picture,we can ee ….
5. It i really an unforgettable day …
6. A i hown / indicated in the picture, …
7. After eeing the picture ,I wa greatly hocked by …
8. Thi i a funny and intructive picture. In the picture, a young man …
9. We can learn from the picture that …
10. The picture how that…
11. Thi ight remind me of omething in my daily life….
例题展示1:(2004年广东)
假设你是下图的李华。请根据图画所提供的信息,写一篇英语作文,描述昨天晚上邻居看足球赛影响你学习的情况,并描写你随后与邻居交涉的过程(如:你向邻居提出要求,对方向你表示歉意等。)
注意:1. 词数:80—120
2. 可以编写对话或其它叙述方式描写你与邻居的交涉过程
One poible verion:
Lat night I wa preparing for the coming examination when the noie from my neighbor interrupted me. The noie went on and on. It wa o loudly that I could hardly pay attention to my tudy any longer. So I went to my neighbor’ houe and aid to him: “Excue me, would you pleae turn down the TVI’m preparing tomorrow’ examination.” Having heard thee word, hi face went red. And he aid, “Ok, I’ll turn it down. Li Hua, I’m
very orry to have made o much noie. Jut now, the football wa very wonderful. I wa
too excited to control myelf. I won’t do that again. Good luck in your coming examination. ” After that, I got down to my tudy.
议论文:
英语漫画作文,就是根据漫画所描述的内容,按照要求和提示写一篇英语短文。英语漫画作文常以讽刺画和幽默画为主,要求学生根据自己的认识水平,解读画面,展开想象,议论,揭示自己对生活的理解,使人受到教育。漫画作文多以叙述结合议论为主。
探究异同:
1. 与一般图画作文的区别:图画作文只是对图画内容进行描写,形成一篇符合逻辑,行文连贯的文章。
2. 与图画开放作文的区别:开放式作文根据图画内容围绕主题,从不同的角度立意,有相当大的自由发挥空间,可以自圆其说。
3. 漫画作文:漫画作文要通过对画面的描述,揭示画面所蕴含的实质,并与现实生活联系起来,从而打到讽刺或教育的目的。漫画作文所揭示的实质只有一个,抛开这一主题就是离题,这才是漫画作文的关键所在。
写作攻略:漫画作文写作主要通过三步完成:
第一步:认真观察,正确叙述画面内容。
画面的主体往往是人物。要仔细观察画面中人物的形体,相貌,表情,语言,动作
等,推测人物的思想面貌,尤其注意人物在干什么;还要观察周围环境,弄清事件发生的时间,地点以及和事件有关的情况,然后把这些信息连贯性地表达出来,使静止的画面“活动化”。平面的事物“立体化”。通常以记叙为主,用一般现在时态或一般过去时态,第三人称。
第二步:选点立意。
通过收集画面所提供的内容,去粗取精,揣摩画意,揭示实质,得出结论。
第三步:引发评论。
与现实生活联系,由此及彼地加以联想与引申,在画面意义的基础上联想到另一层新的内容,发表自己的看法,可以提出一些建议和办法。
第二和第三步没有明显界线。可以一气呵成,以议论为主。
常用句型;
1.开头:Thi i a picture about…/ In the picture we can ee…/ From the picture it can
be een that…/ Let’ look at the picture…
2.结尾段:It i not right that…/ If they do like that…/ We can draw a concluion that…/
The tory tell u that …/ It teache u a leon…
3.承接词汇及句型:in my opinion / in our daily life / nowaday / A the proverb ay …/ I’m ure… / meanwhile / however / at the ame time / but / o / a a reult / Do you think o...
4.另外,漫画作文在揭示实质后往往会有精彩的谚语,格言,成语等出现,给文章添彩不少。如:No pain, no gain. / All work and no play make Jake a dull boy. / Dripping water wear through rock./ Contant effort bring ucce.(滴水能穿石,功到自然成)/Ue “one tone” to kill “two bird”(一石击双鸟)
例题展示1:
简要描述图片,并谈谈你对学生在业余时间参加过多的补习和培训的看法。
(一) 内容要点:
1. 描述文字说明:
1) 学生被迫上很多补习班
2) 无兴趣可言
2. 议论文字说明:
1) 太多的补习班是浪费时间
2) 学习要有兴趣
3) 家长不要强迫孩子参加补习
4) 表达希望
(二)One poible verion:
Looking at thi picture,you will undertand better “Too much work make Jack a dull boy”. He ha to go to o many training clae beide hi chool clae. Life i no fun at all for him. Holiday and weekend have become dull work-day. He i too tired to learn thee leon well with no interet.
In my opinion, pare-time training coure are a wate of time for many tudent. They might do better when they how interet in what they are learning. Pleae don’t force thee tudent to do what they are not willing to, and when learning i fun, urely they will do better than we expect!
(三)文章结构和套语:
Looking at thi picture, you will undertand better “Too much work make Jack a
dull boy”. He ha to … beide hi chool clae. Life i …. … have become …. He i …In my opinion, … for many tudent. They might …when they … what they are learning. Pleae don’t …what they…, and when learning i fun, urely …
例题展示2:
根据图画内容,以“We Want Our Schoolbag Lighter”题,用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。短文须包括以下要点,不得逐条翻译。
1.简单描述漫画的内容;
2.作业负担过重;
3.精讲精练;
4.参加体育锻炼和社会活动。
We Want Our Schoolbag Lighter
The picture how that a girl i wearing a pair of glae and carrying a big heavy
choolbag, and a woman i doing ome exercie. The girl ay to the woman, “If you carry the choolbag for me, I’m ure you will loe ome weight.”
A i well-known, we Chinee tudent are overburdened with leon and
homework which our teacher have given u. All that we do every day i to liten to our
teacher’ leon, to take note and do our homework which eem endle.
We do hope our teacher will help u get more knowledge with fewer lecture, exercie and le homework. Only in thi way will we have pare time to do more phyical exercie and make u h2er, and we will have more pare time to take part in ome ocial activitie, which make u all mentally and phyically healthier.
例题展示3. 根据以下图画再结合你的想象,写出一篇100字左右的短文:
It i the old man’ birthday today. Now he i itting on a ofa alone. Maybe hi wife ha been dead. On the right ide i a big birthday cake ent by hi on. And there are alo ome preent given by hi daughter on the left. Yet the old man doen’t feel happy. Intead, he look very ad becaue he i lonely.
Our life i getting better and better than before. Some people think that old people will be atified a long a they have enough to eat and drink. I think they are quite wrong. Old people eaily get lonely becaue they have no work to do. So we hould pend a much time together with them a we can and take care of them in every poible way.
粗取精,真正做到正确分析和筛选有效信息。如99年的六幅画,通过恰当的分析和组合归纳出六个要点:1. 集合、出发;2. 到达;3. 参观;4. 野餐;5. 娱乐;6. 告别;三、表述语言表达尽管角度不同,形式多样,但所用的词句贴切得体、简洁明了、浅显易懂是它的特点。在语言表达上应掌握三个原则:遣词造句正确为先;上下行文流畅为好;通篇描述有文采则妙。(一)正确为先 所谓“正确为先”就是所写的每一句话应该符合英语语言的规范,做到没有英语词法和句法错误,尽量避免生硬翻译和汉语式的英语倾向。为此,应当做到:1.多用常用词。纵观近年来的看图作文题,所用动词都是英语中最为常用的熟
词。’98NMET: viit / go / how around / ee / grow / have / tell / play / pa / know / ay等;’99NMET: be / hear from / write / tell / take place / tand / plant / hope / come / ee等;2000NMET: be / walk along / come out of / ee / drive up / turn / hit / cro / fall / notice等;2002 NMET: take part in / et out / carry / be / climb / wim / puh / find / get / loe / arrive / make / tart / pend / learn / forget等。由此看来,学好常用动词及其短语的用法是提高书面表达能力的重要保证。2.多用简单句。简单句易于表达且结构清楚;从句型语法角度来看,易于把握;从词汇角度来看,词类和搭配中常见的错误也易于发现。信息密集的长句要分解成两个或两个以上的简单句。尤其对于写作能力不强的同学们而言,多用简单句可以尽量减少错误表达的出现。3.选用熟练句。英语的一句话可以有多种表达形式,即一句多译。在平时的学习过程中,就要进行多角度全方位的发散性思维训练,培养自己灵活运用语言的能力。如’97NMET中的第二个要点“在十字路口被两人拦住”就可以有以下不同的表达方式:1)When getting to the croroad, we were topped by a man and a girl. 2)At the croroad, we were topped by a young man and a lady. 3)When we reached (got to) the croroad, a young man and a girl came up and topped u.写作时要用自己最熟练、把握最大的“拿手句”,如果确有疑难,应“绕道而行”,改用近义句。没有把握的句子要尽量少写或不写,写不出的句子绝不要硬写,最忌不顾英语句型生搬硬套,甚至胡编乱造。(二)流畅为好评价一篇作文好坏的一条重要原则就是“上下文连贯”,让读者有一种“通篇流畅、一气呵成”的感觉。这就要有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑,行文连贯。为达此目的,要时刻注意
第3篇:英语作文常见的体裁及可借鉴的写作模式
英语作文常见的体裁及可借鉴的写作模式。
一、议论文
议论文要求学生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看法。一般来说,议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。要做到:1)论点要正确无误。2)论据要可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理,也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作。3)论证要合理严密。人们常用的论证方法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。议论文一般按提出问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。
(一)议论文的写作步骤
1、引言(introduction):由于英语作文受时间、字数的限制,因此,在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题,并明白地亮出自己的观点,如提倡什么,支持什么,反对什么等。
2、展开段(upporting entence):展开段是议论的过程,作者必须有足够的证据(adequate proof)来论证自己的观点。一般可提出一个或两个proof, 并对此用一两句话分别进行阐述。
3、结论(concluion):结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章。同时要注意与引言段呼应,但不能照搬前面的原话。
二)议论文的类型
英语议论文根据命题特点,从形式上来看可分为如下类型:
1、对问题“一分为二”的观点。这类文章大多结合当前时事,要求学生就某种现象谈其利弊。如“轿车大量进入家庭后,对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”。此类文章的模式及套语如下,仅供参考:
第一段:
Nowaday more and more people/play an important part inLike everything eleha /have both favorable and unfavorable apect (both advantage and diadvantage). Generally, the favorable apect (advantage) can be lited a follow.
第二段:
Firtecondlyin addition(what’ more)
第三段:
Every coin ha two ide. The negative apect (advantage) are alo apparent (obviou). To begin withto make matter worewort of all
第四段:
Through above analyi/All thing conidered, we can ee that the poitive apect(advantage) outweigh the negative apect(diadvantage). Therefore 范文:讨论电脑的利弊。
Computer are playing a more and more important role in modern ociety. They are widely ued almot in every field, uch a buine, tranportation and education. We ue computer to proce and tore all kind of information. Alo, they are entering ordinary familie. We ue computer to control electrical appliance and to entertain ourelve by playing game on them. Without computer, the world would not be what it i today.
In pite of thi, computer caue problem. For intance, a great ytem will break down when only a ingle computer goe wrong. It i poible that omebody break into a computer ytem to teal ecret information. We cannot rely o much on computer.
So we hould develop more advanced and reliable computer in order to make our life more colorful and meaningful.
2、“两者选一”的观点。这要求学生在a和b之间作一选择或比较,如“乘火车还是乘飞机”。
第一段:
Some people hold the opinion that (a) i uperior to (b) in many way. Other , however, argue that (b) i much better. Peronally, I would prefer (a) becaue (a) ha more advantage.
第二段:
There are many reaon why I prefer (a). The main reaon i that . Another reaon i that
第三段:
Of coure, chooing (b) alo ha advantage to ome extent.(give one or two advantage of b)
第四段:
But if all thee factor are conidered, (a) i much better that (b).From what ha been dicued above, we may finally draw the concluion that
3、“我认为”即“我的观点”型。如“一些学生喜欢拿自己的同学开恶作剧的玩笑,谈谈你的看法。”
Some of the tudent around u like playing practical joke on other at chool, but frankly peaking, I don’t think it’ wie to do thi kind of thing, for they often lead to a lot of problem.
In my opinion, playing trick on your clamate might ruin the friendhip between you and your friend. A young tudent, we ometime do omething only for fun without thinking of other’ feeling. Playing ome joke may more or le hurt your friend.
What’ more, playing trick on other may do harm to their bodie. The victim of the joke might uffer from evere pain not only mentally but alo phyically.
Lat but not leat, humor ha been well defined a thinking in fun while feeling in earnet.
If a peron want to make true friend, he mut learn to foter the friendhip which can eich hi life. He hould learn to treat hi friend incerely and frankly, to give advice and to help whenever they need but never to` play meaningle practical joke on them .
4、图表作文。图表式作文通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法。写作要点:不需要把表中的数据一一列出,只要选几个有代表性的数据加以叙述并结合数据抓住实质简而议之。
下面的模式可供参考:
模式一:
第一段:
i known a one of the mot eriou problem in today’ world, a i hown in the grapy,/according to the figure hown in the grapy,(表述图表中的数字)
第二段:
